I am working as the opencart programmer for 6 months and found out that opencart as the best open source for the e-commerce site. Yet some of the things to be taken into consideration which obviously increases the speed of the opencart sites.
We all know that indexing the table increases the performance of the database so creating the following index really increase the speed in the opencart sites. Run the query below and enjoy some little speed on loading your sites.
ALTER TABLE `category` ADD INDEX ( `parent_id` ) ; ALTER TABLE `category` ADD INDEX ( `top` ) ; ALTER TABLE `category` ADD INDEX ( `sort_order` ) ; ALTER TABLE `category` ADD INDEX ( `status` ) ; ALTER TABLE `option` ADD INDEX ( `sort_order` ) ; ALTER TABLE `option_description` ADD INDEX ( `name` ) ; ALTER TABLE `option_value` ADD INDEX ( `option_id` ) ; ALTER TABLE `option_value_description` ADD INDEX ( `option_id` ) ; ALTER TABLE `order` ADD INDEX ( `customer_id` ) ; ALTER TABLE `product` ADD INDEX ( `model` ) ; ALTER TABLE `product` ADD INDEX ( `sku` ) ; ALTER TABLE `product` ADD INDEX ( `upc` ) ; ALTER TABLE `product` ADD INDEX ( `manufacturer_id` ) ; ALTER TABLE `product` ADD INDEX ( `sort_order` ) ; ALTER TABLE `product` ADD INDEX ( `status` ) ; ALTER TABLE `product_option` ADD INDEX ( `option_id` ) ; ALTER TABLE `product_option_value` ADD INDEX ( `product_option_id` ) ; ALTER TABLE `product_option_value` ADD INDEX ( `product_id` ) ; ALTER TABLE `product_option_value` ADD INDEX ( `option_id` ) ; ALTER TABLE `product_option_value` ADD INDEX ( `option_value_id` ) ; ALTER TABLE `product_tag` ADD INDEX ( `product_id` ) ; ALTER TABLE `product_tag` ADD INDEX ( `tag` ) ; ALTER TABLE `url_alias` ADD INDEX ( `query` ) ; ALTER TABLE `url_alias` ADD INDEX ( `keyword` ) ; ALTER TABLE `user` ADD INDEX ( `username` ) ; ALTER TABLE `user` ADD INDEX ( `password` ) ; ALTER TABLE `user` ADD INDEX ( `email` ) ;
Likewise, we have to remove unnecessary queries which obviously increase the speed of the site.
Queries that can be removed are the category count in the opencart
Use the steps below to remove the category count:
Go to the file: /catalog/controller/module/category.php 1.Search CODE:
In this Opencart 3 tips and tricks, we are showing you how to make the friendly URLs in Opencart 3 and make changes in the .htaccess which will help in SEO and user-friendly URLs.
Enable SEO URL’s in the OpenCart Admin
First of all, enable the SEO URL’s in your store’s admin. Go to the Admin >>System >>Settings. Edit your store, and finally click the Server tab and set the SEO URLs radio to Yes and save your settings.
Rename the .htaccess.txt file to .htaccess
OpenCart provides a file called .htaccess.txt. Rename this file to .htaccess and you will be good to go. If you don’t have this file in your root directory where opencart installed, you need to make your own .htaccess file and then paste the following code:
# 1.To use URL Alias you need to be running apache with mod_rewrite enabled.
# 2. In your opencart directory rename htaccess.txt to .htaccess.
# For any support issues please visit: http://www.opencart.com
Options +FollowSymlinks
# Prevent Directoy listing
Options -Indexes
# Prevent Direct Access to files
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
# SEO URL Settings
RewriteEngine On
# If your opencart installation does not run on the main web folder make sure you folder it does run in ie. / becomes /shop/
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule sitemap.xml /index.php?route=feed/google_sitemap
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^([^?]*) index.php?_route_=$1 [L,QSA]
### Additional Settings that may need to be enabled for some servers
### Uncomment the commands by removing the # sign in front of it.
### If you get an "Internal Server Error 500" after enabling any of the following settings, restore the # as this means your host doesn't allow that.
# 1. If your cart only allows you to add one item at a time, it is possible register_globals is on. This may work to disable it:
# php_flag register_globals off
# 2. If your cart has magic quotes enabled, This may work to disable it:
# php_flag magic_quotes_gpc Off
# 3. Set max upload file size. Most hosts will limit this and not allow it to be overridden but you can try
# php_value upload_max_filesize 999M
# 4. set max post size. uncomment this line if you have a lot of product options or are getting errors where forms are not saving all fields
# php_value post_max_size 999M
# 5. set max time script can take. uncomment this line if you have a lot of product options or are getting errors where forms are not saving all fields
# php_value max_execution_time 200
# 6. set max time for input to be recieved. Uncomment this line if you have a lot of product options or are getting errors where forms are not saving all fields
# php_value max_input_time 200
Enter SEO Keywords for URL’s
Finally, you need to enter SEO keywords for every page, information, product, and category you want to have URL rewrite. You can find the field for SEO Keywords under the Data tab when editing and creating items.
Once you have entered the SEO Keywords your URL will be working. Now go and enjoy more traffic and happy customers.
Things to take into consideration while Enter SEO Keywords for URL’s
When SEO URLs are activated now on keep in mind the following things while inserting the data:
Always insert the SEO keywords while inserting the data
Remove space in the SEO keywords like for this “Backyard Water Slide” use “Backyard-Water-Slide”.
Remove special characters (/, & $ @ # etc) also, as some browser will not detect them.
The most important things are that SEO Keywords must be unique throughout the site if repeated then the system will be confused which to show and it shows errors.
I have found you are not inserting SEO keywords field for the category so insert it as well but remember must be unique through the site.
Today, I was wondering and searching in the Opencart forum but i was unable to find out the show all products like the category listing in the Opencart so decide to develop it and i was so tired today so i left it to the forum so hope to get the best module by Sunday :).
I have searched for the extensions but it was not free, it cost $10.
So i decided to make the things by my self and was able to make it but i was feeling so dizzy so left to the forum so that any one will like to extend further.
Please help me to broaden it. Installation:
1 – Unzip showallproduct.zip in the folder of your choice.
2 – Upload the files inside the “root” folder to your server, no other files are overwritten.
3- Link to link the page is “index.php?route=product/productall”
For OpenCart version 1.5.6.4 you have to download following:
All Product Display Module OpenCart Version 1.5.6.4
Install VqMod to show link of All Products in Menu
We moved the majority of the code to the common.js in the hope that this will be updated less than the product.tpl
– Seen as we are now using a function and not inline JS to animate the image, we can reuse this throughout the website. So I though why not show you how this could work with HTML5 data attribute and eventually this might be updated in the core.
The easiest way to remove the lines in the PHP files or in HTML files, aspx files cold fusion file, JSP file from the Dreamweaver. Likewise, we can remove the static page space like of the HTML, XSLT, CSS, XML, Javascript, XML and other as follows:
Open the file
Click CTRL + F
Select “Current document” in “Find in” (You can also select the folder if you have multiple files)
Search in “Source code”
Tick “Use regular expression”
Type “[rn]{2,}” (without quotes) in “Find”
Type “n” (without quotes) in “Replace”
Press “Replace All”
We can also replace the multiple line breaks through coding the coding is as below:
<?php
$base = array("f:/www/docs/files/");
while (!empty($base)) {
$next = array_pop($base);
foreach (glob($next . '*.php') as $item) {
if (!is_dir($item)) {
file_put_contents($item, preg_replace(array("#^s*r?n+#s", "#s*r?n+$#s", "#s*r?n+#s"), array("", "", "rn"), file_get_contents($item)));
} else {
$base[] = $item . '/';
}
}
}
echo "Removing extra lines is done";
?>
These are the two methods by which we can remove the extra lines.
This is final year report example on E-shopping, E-commerce with affiliation which details about the page title, declaration of the report, Acknowledgement, table of contents, and executive summary.
Final Year Report on E-shopping
named Rupjaygri Shop
By:
Rupak Nepali
P.U. Reg. No: #####, Roll. No: #####
Jayman Tamang
P.U. Reg. No: #####, Roll. No: ####
Grishma Shah
P.U. Reg. No: #####, Roll. No: ####
Final Year Project Report
Submitted To:
Nobel College
Faculty of management
Pokhara University
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Computer Information System (BCIS)
Kathmandu
November 2010
—————————————————————————–
Pokhara University
Faculty of Management
Nobel College
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the work reported in this project work on E-shopping named Rupjaygri Shop submitted to Nobel College, Pokhara University is our original work done in the form of partial requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Computer Information System (BCIS) under the supervision of Mr. Surendra Shrestha Principal, Nobel College, and Mr. Dipesh Shrestha, Coordinator, Nobel College, Mr Sanjay Lama Project-Coordinator and Mr. Nimesh Shrestha Lecturer, Nobel College.
Grishma Sharma JaymanTamang Rupak Nepali
——————————————————–
Faculty of Management Studies
PokharaUniversity
RECOMMENDATION
This is to certify that the final year report:
Submitted by:
Rupak Nepali
Jayman Tamang
Grishma Sharma
Entitled
E-Shopping named Rupjaygri Shop has been prepared as approved by this college. This internship report is forwarded for examination.
——————————— ——————-
Principal Coordinator/Lecturer
Nobel College
Date: June 14, 2010
——————————————————————————
Acknowledgment
This report has been prepared for the Final Year Project on topic E-shopping named Rupjaygri Shop to implement the theory in the real field with the purpose of fulfilling the requirements of the course of BCIS (Bachelor of Computer Information System).
The aim of this project is to make familiar to the practical aspect and uses of theoretical knowledge and clarifying the career goals, so we have successfully completed the project and compiled this report as the summary and the conclusion that we have drawn from the project.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our Project Coordinator Mr. Sanjay Lama who had given his valuable time and given us chance to learn something despite having his busy schedule, Principal Mr. Surendra Shrestha and Coordinator Mr. Dipesh Shrestha for their great guidelines.
Lastly, we would like to thank Mr. Nimesh Shrestha who had provided us with the guidance and his easiest MVC framework and for his encouragement, patience and expert advice and also for supplying so much invaluable information and finally special thanks go to my friends and family who have supported us throughout our project.
——————————————————–
Table of Contents
SN
Contents
Page No
a.
Title Page
i
b.
Declaration
ii
c.
Recommendation
iii
d
Acknowledgment
iv
e.
Table of Contents
v
f.
List of Figures
vii
g.
Executive Summary
ix
h.
Chapters
Introduction 1.1. Background of Study 1.2. Objectives of the Study 1.3. Limitations of the Study 1.4. Selection Methods of Data Collection Report Body 2.1. Introduction of the D.P Sign 2.2. Corporate Goal of the D.P Sign 2.3. Mission Statement of the D.P Sign 2.4. D.P Sign™s Spirit is infused into every component
2.5. Services 2.5.1. Web-Based Application Design and Development 2.5.2. Flex printing and other printing services 2.5.3. Custom Software Solutions 2.5.4. Embedded Software Solutions 2.5.5. Online Earning Training
2.6. Engagement Models 2.6.1. Fixed Price Turnkey Model 2.6.2. Per Resource Model 2.6.3. Offshore Model
2.7. Delivery Model 2.8. Process and Standards 2.9. Domain Profile 2.10. Competitive Advantage of DP Sign 2.11. Physical Infrastructure 2.12. Organizational Hierarchy Chart 2.13. The number of employees 2.14. Introduction of Departments We have worked at 2.15. Major Clients 2.16. Business Volume 2.17. Products Offered by DP Sign 2.18. Time Frame of Internship Analysis
3.1. Strategic Business Units 3.1.1 Web Development Department Analysis 3.1.2 Online Earning Department Analysis 3.1.3 PEST Analysis 3.1.4 SWOT Analysis
4 Recommendations 5 Summary and Conclusion 6 Program Workplace Relationship
1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 5
5 5 5 5 5 6 6
6 6 7 7
11 13 14 15 16 16 20 20 21 22 23 23 23
24 25 26 28 29
30
i.
Bibliography
j.
Appendices
List of Figures
SN
Name of Figure
Page No.
Fig:2.1
Organization Structure
13
Fig:2.2
The business volume of DP Sign
19
Fig:2.3
Timeframe representation in Gantt chart
22
List of Tables
SN
Name of Table
Page No.
Tab:2.1
System unit and its Software
11
Tab:2.2
List of technology with the platform
Tab:2.3
Number of employees
Tab:2.4
Collection of Pay Per Click sites
Tab:2.5
List of major clients
Tab:2.6
Printing product of DP Sign
Tab:2.7
Web services providing by DP Sign
ABBREVIATION USED
DP Sign
Digital Printed Sign
CRM
Customer Relation Management
IT
Information Technology
QA
Quality Assurance
CMS
Content Management System
SWOT
Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats
PEST
Political, Economical, Social and Technological
RFQ
Request For Quotation
RFP
Request For Proposal
GIS
Geographic Information System
PMBOK
Project Management Body of Knowledge
PMI
Project Management Institute
CMMI
Capability Maturity Model Integration
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
ODC
Offshore Development Center
IP
Internet Protocol
CVS
Current Version Software
TFS
Team Foundation Server
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The main objective of this report is to recapitulate our Final Year Project on E-shopping named Rupjaygri Shop and to be familiar with the practical aspect of the theoretical knowledge gained in a classroom. This report is the part of the final year project, required by Pokhara University in partial fulfillment for the requirement of BCIS program.
We (Rupak Nepali, Jayman Tamang, and Grishma Sharma) feel that Nepal is progressing in the ICT field thus the import and export of this country are mounting with the help of e-commerce and e-businesses. Thus, there is a need for shopping software so that people can broaden their business worldwide.
In this post, we are defining ActiveX Classes, Category Common classes, Database Classes, Client-Side Classes, SDI and MDI Applications, Document/View Architecture, Message Maps and provide some self-check questions.
ActiveX Classes
MFC provides classes that simplify the process of adding ActiveX capabilities to your applications and significantly reduce development time. The ActiveX classes work with the other application framework classes to provide easy access to the ActiveX API. Using the ActiveX classes, you can:
Create ActiveX controls and ActiveX control containers.
Use Automation to control one program with another.
Create compound documents, which enable users to create and edit documents containing various types of data, including text, graphics, spreadsheets, and sound. These various data objects can be created by different applications.
Create OLE objects that can be embedded in compound documents.
Use drag-and-drop to copy data between applications.
Note This course does not cover creating ActiveX components. For information about how to create and modify ActiveX components using MFC, see Mastering MFC Development Using Visual C++ 5, listed in the Library.
To see an illustration that shows the ActiveX and OLE classes within the MFC object hierarchy, click this icon.
ActiveX classes can be divided into the categories shown in the following table.
Category Common classes
ActiveX control classes COleControlModule, COleControl, CConnectionPoint, CPictureHolder, CFontHolder, COlePropertyPage, CPropExchange, CMonikerFile, CAsyncMonikerFile, CDataPathProperty, CCachedDataPathProperty, COleCmdUI, COleSafeArray Active Document classes CDocObjectServer, CDocObjectServerItem ActiveX-related classes COleObjectFactory, COleMessageFilter, COleStreamFile, CRectTracker Automation classes COleDispatchDriver, COleDispatchException Container classes COleDocument, COleLinkingDoc, CDocItem, COleClientItem OLE server classes COleServerDoc OLE drag-and-drop and data transfer classes COleDropSource, COleDataSource, COleDropTarget, COleDataObject OLE common dialog classes COleDialog, COleInsertDialog, COlePasteSpecialDialog, COleLinksDialog, COleChangeIconDialog, COleConvertDialog, COlePropertiesDialog, COleUpdateDialog, COleChangeSourceDialog, COleBusyDialog
Database Classes
Accessing data and connecting to databases are two of the most common Windows environment programming tasks. MFC provides classes that enable operations on databases through Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) and the data access objects (DAO). To see an illustration that shows the database classes within the MFC object hierarchy, click this icon.
Note This course does not cover creating database applications. For information about how to create database applications using MFC, see Mastering MFC Development Using Visual C++ 5 listed in the Library.
CDatabase and CDaoDatabase A CDatabase or CDaoDatabase object represents a connection to a data source through which you can operate on the data source. A data source is a specific instance of data that is hosted by a database. CRecordset and CDaoRecordset A CRecordset or CDaoRecordset object represents a set of records selected from a data source. Known as recordsets, CRecordset and CDaoRecordset objects are available in two forms: Dyna-sets and snapshots. A Dyna-set is a dynamic recordset that stays synchronized with updates by other users. A snapshot is a static recordset that reflects the state of the database at the time the recordset is requested. CDaoRecordset also can directly represent a table in a database. ï‚®Internet Classes
Creating applications that interact with the Internet, intranets, or both, is becoming a major focus for developers. MFC includes the WinInet APIs and the Internet Server API (ISAPI), which provide classes for client-side and server-side applications, respectively. To see an illustration that shows the Internet classes within the MFC object hierarchy, click this icon.
Note This course does not cover creating Internet applications. For information about creating Internet applications using MFC, see Mastering MFC Development Using Visual C++ 5, listed in the Library.
Client-Side Classes
This table describes MFC Internet classes related to client-side applications.
Class Description
CInternetSession Creates and initializes one or more simultaneous Internet sessions. Specific application-level services can be established by using the member functions GetHttpConnection, GetFtpConnection, and GetGopherConnection. CHttpConnection Manages an application’s connection to an HTTP server. CFtpConnection Manages an application’s FTP connection and provides for member functions that enable you to create applications that explore remote directories, retrieve files, and otherwise manage remote file systems. CGopherConnection Manages an application’s Gopher connection and enables the application to search for and retrieve various types of documents. CFileFind This class, the base class for CFtpFileFind and CGopherFileFind, supports searching, locating, and returning information about found files. All these classes support wildcard searches.
Server-Side Classes
This table describes MFC Internet classes related to server-side applications.
Class Description
CHttpServer Use this class to create and manage a server extension DLL, also known as an Internet server application (ISA). ISAs are used to extend an Internet server’s capabilities. CHttpServerContext Used by CHttpServer to encapsulate the instance of a single client-side request. CHttpFilter Use this class to create a DLL to filter incoming and outgoing client data. CHttpFilterContext Used by CHttpFilter to encapsulate the instance of a single notification for a single client. CHtmlStream Encapsulates an HTML data buffer to be used by a CHttpServer to respond to the client.
Global Afx Functions
MFC provides some functions that are not members of classes. These are global functions whose names begin with Afx. Class member functions can only be called in the context of the class to which they belong, but Afx functions are available to all classes and functions in an application. The following table lists some commonly used Afx functions and describes the tasks they perform.
Function Description
AfxAbort() Unconditionally terminates an application. AfxMessageBox() Displays a Windows message box. AfxGetApp() Returns a pointer to the project’s CWinApp object. AfxGetAppName() Returns a pointer to a string containing the application name. AfxGetMainWnd() Returns a pointer to the main frame window. AfxGetInstanceHandle() Returns a handle (HINSTANCE) to the current instance of the application.
Documents, Views, and the Application Framework
MFC provides an application framework on which you can build applications for Windows. The framework provides a set of starter files for an application and supplies standard user-interface features that you can implement in your application. You provide the rest of the code, specifically those things needed for your application. Your work with the framework is based largely on a few major MFC classes and several Visual C++ tools. Some of the classes encapsulate the Win32 API. Other classes encapsulate application objects such as documents, views, and the application itself. Still, others encapsulate ActiveX, database, and Internet features. This section presents an overview of the application framework, the major objects that make up your application and how they are created, and a brief look at how messages are handled in the MFC environment. This section includes the following topics:
Document/View Architecture
The MFC document/view architecture provides a single, consistent way of coordinating application data, referred to as a document, and views of that data. A document is a data object with which the user interacts in an editing session. A view is a window object through which the user interacts with the document. This topic provides a broad overview of document/view architecture. For detailed information, see Chapter 4: Creating MFC Applications.
Document/view architecture is important because applications that use documents and views derive the greatest benefit from the application framework. You can write MFC applications without using documents and views; however, to get the most out of the framework and take advantage of advanced MFC features, you must use document/view architecture. For more information about non-document/view architecture, see Writing Applications in Non-Document/View in Chapter 4: Creating MFC Applications.
To see an illustration that shows how a single set of data can be viewed or displayed in more than one way by a document/view application, click this icon.
As shown in the previous illustration, Microsoft Graph is a good example of an application that separates the data from the interface. The user can select a set of values from the data in a spreadsheet view, and then display the same information as a bar chart or a three-dimensional bar chart. If the user changes values or changes the range of data that is selected in the spreadsheet view, the chart view is updated. The application can also present two views of the same type; changes made in one view would also appear in the other. To see a demonstration that shows how the Microsoft Excel application uses document/view architecture, click this icon.
SDI and MDI Applications
MFC makes it easy to work with both single document interface (SDI) and multiple document interface (MDI) applications. SDI applications allow only one document frame window at a time. MDI applications allow multiple document frame windows to be open in the same instance of an application. An MDI application has a window within which the user can open multiple MDI child windows that are themselves frame windows, each containing a separate document. In some applications, the child windows can be of different types, such as chart-windows and spreadsheet windows. In that case, the menu bar can change as MDI child windows of different types are activated.
Note Under Windows 95, applications will increasingly be SDI as the operating system moves toward a “document-centered” view. This course teaches you how to create SDI applications using MFC. For information about how to create MDI applications, see Mastering MFC Development Using Visual C++ 5 listed in the Library.
Objects in an SDI Application
Document/view architecture provides the framework for documents and views in the base classes CDocument and CView. The CWinApp, CFrameWnd, and CDocTemplate classes work in conjunction with CDocument and CView to ensure that all the pieces of the application fit together. You will learn more about how to implement these classes in an application in later chapters. The following table lists the application objects and related classes in an SDI application and describes the major tasks each object performs. Object Description
Document Your document class (derived from CDocument) specifies your application’s data.
View Your view class (derived from CView) is the user’s window to the data. The view class specifies how the user sees your document’s data and interacts with it.
Frame window Views are displayed inside document frame windows using the CFrameWnd class. In an SDI application, the document frame window is also the mainframe window for the application.
Document template A document template orchestrates the creation of documents, views, and frame windows. A particular document-template class (derived from CDocTemplate) creates and manages all open documents of one type. Use class CSingleDocTemplate for SDI applications.
Application Your application class (derived from CWinApp) controls all of the objects above and specifies the application’s behavior such as initialization and cleanup.
In an SDI application, each document template creates and manages one document. The user views and manipulates a document through a view contained inside a frame window. The application objects cooperatively respond to user actions, bound together by commands and other messages. The following illustration shows the relationship between the document/view objects in a running SDI application.
Non-Document/View Architecture
Although most of the discussion about Visual C++ and MFC functionality assumes the use of the document/view architecture, this is not a requirement. The benefits associated with document/view architecture also carry with them potentially significant performance and size costs. In some cases, document/view may not be the right choice for your application. For example, applications that compress files may need only a dialog box that requests file names and displays a progress bar. The mainframe window and a view are not needed; document/view architecture would provide little, if any, benefit in this instance. For another example, consider an application that provides a single database recordset to a simple database browser. The document/view architecture could be used, but it may be more effective for the view (the browser) to hold the recordset directly. Remember that an MFC application consists of a number of objects that you can combine in many ways to create a program solution. Some possible combinations in a non-document/view application include:
A CWinApp object and a modal dialog box. In such applications, the dialog box is responsible for storing and displaying data.
A CWinApp object, the mainframe (CFrameWnd) window, and a view. In such applications, the view usually is located where any data is stored and displayed.
Regardless of the combination you choose, the non-document/view application usually begins with the override of the CWinApp:: InitInstance function. At this point, the main window, either a dialog box or other window, is created.
Messages
Communication between the operating system, applications, and application components is conducted through various types of messages. For example, when creating an instance of an application, the operating system sends a series of messages to the application, which then responds appropriately to initialize itself. Keyboard and mouse activity causes the operating system to generate messages and send them to the proper application. User-interface components, such as command buttons and list boxes, generate messages to their parent windows. There are many types of messages; two of the most important are standard Windows messages and command messages. The MFC architecture supports Windows messages through the CWnd class and its derived classes, such as CView and CFrameWnd. MFC supports command messages through any of the classes derived from the CCmdTarget class. A command message originates from a menu item, command button, or accelerator key. In Chapter 6: Handling Messages, you will learn how to handle Windows and command messages in MFC applications.
Message Maps
Before you start writing MFC applications, it is important to understand how MFC maps messages to the functions that will handle the messages. The application framework implements the message map data structure, which provides the link between the message ID and the function that will handle the message. Each entry consists of a message-specific macro. Standard Windows messages all have predefined macros containing an implicit ID and handler name. Command message macros contain an explicit ID and handler name. Below is an example of a message map for the CMyView class with two entries. Note that the base class is included to allow the framework to continue searching for a given handler if one does not exist within this class. Every standard Windows message has a macro of the form ON_WM_xxx, where xxx is the name of the message. A simple convention is used to generate the handler function name. The name of the function starts with “On.” This is followed by the name of the message with the “WM_” removed and only the first letter of each word capitalized. In the following example, the handler name would be OnCreate: BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CMyView, CView) ON_WM_CREATE() ON_COMMAND(ID_APPLY_SEQUENCE, OnApplySequence) END_MESSAGE_MAP()
You can add a message map entry by using ClassWizard or the WizardBar in Developer Studio. Alternatively, you can add the entry manually.
Self-Check Questions
Which one of the following statements is true about MFC’s relationship to the Win32 API? A. The current version of MFC does not wrap any of the Windows operating system extensions. B. MFC represents a high-level encapsulation of the Windows API. C. A program can easily mix MFC- and API-level calls. D. MFC completely encapsulates the Windows API, freeing the developer from all SDK dependency.
Which one of the following is not a potential benefit of MFC? A. MFC reduces complexity by providing a higher-level abstraction of Windows. B. MFC simplifies database programming through the DAO and ODBC classes. C. A developer needs less knowledge and skill to program with MFC than with the Windows SDK. D. MFC displays many of the stronger features of the C++ language, including support for object-oriented techniques, stronger type checking, exception handling, and so on.
Which one of the following is a primary function of the application class? A. It starts the application€™s message loop. B. It forms the primary window for the application. C. It acts as a binder for the frame, view, and document objects and a set of GUI resources in an application. D. It contains member functions to enumerate through all the views in an application.
Which one of the following is not considered to be one of the main classes that comprise the application framework? A. CObject B. CWinApp C. CView D. CFrameWnd
